Re: [OPE] epistemological and scientific questions

Dave, before everything else. When did you attach Jenning's article?
In your last reply to me there is not any attachment. Thanks, Dogan

-----Original Message-----
From: Dave Zachariah <davez@kth.se>
To: Outline on Political Economy mailing list <ope@lists.csuchico.edu>
Sent: Mon, 15 Dec 2008 21:13
Subject: Re: [OPE] epistemological and scientific questions

on 2008-12-14 12:34 dogangoecmen@aol.com wrote:?
> Scietific theories have to do with what is true or not. You seem to > have however a relativist theory of knowledge. If fact you accept in a > limited sense when you say some models may be ranked "better than > others". For to rank some as better than others is a statement on what > is true.?
> Which developments in science suggest that [I] have to give up mirror > theory??
?
No, concern of scientific theories is not what is "true or not" but the underlying mechanisms and laws that generate empirical observations. The underlying mechanisms can by definition not be observed, hence the notion of a 'true' or 'false' theory is a category error. To rank something better than others certainly does not state what is 'true'. Consider ranking airplane models according to some criteria. To say that one airplane model is 'true' is a category error.?
?
This sounds awfully abstract and strange until one looks at how science has evolved historically. Compare Newtonian physics, special relativity and general relativity. Is one 'true'? Certainly they cannot all be true because they are not equivalent. Are all 'false'? None of the above, this is a category error. Similarly, this is why the mirror analogy is very misleading. Mirrors are one-to-one mappings between the surface of the objects they represent. Which theory is a mirror that perfectly 'reflects reality'? Certainly no one would say that about either of the theories above.?
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So, neither truth or falsehood of theories nor the mirror analogy are helpful to understand the evolution of science. Rather the above theories are successively better models of reality. And they are ranked as 'better' based on the criteria of accuracy, generality and consistency.?
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> I am still not sure what you mean by this. Dou you mean by "predict > observations" that scientific theories have merely to do with what > things moy become in future? If this is true, what abou the past and > present: what was, what is and what might be??
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This may be lost in translation. By 'prediction' I did not mean 'forecast', i.e. how the future will become. Prediction here means that given a certain set of input data a theory allows one to deduce a certain set of output data. The expected outcome from the theory is the 'prediction'. Whether the outcome occurs tomorrow, over the next 20 years or occurred some 2 million years ago makes no difference in principle.?
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E.g. Mendelian genetics predicts certain distribution of biological traits of mice. This is not a forecast, it is a prediction of a process that was ongoing in the past, although the 'observation' from the standpoint of the theorist may occur in the future, after the theory is formulated. The accuracy of the prediction to the actual observation is one of the criteria used to rank theories.?
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I urge you to read the brief article by Jennings, who is a physicist, that I attached before. He makes it quite clear.?
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//Dave Z?
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Received on Mon Dec 15 15:32:30 2008