Alan
----
If goods do not sell for their values, the money paid by the
capitalist is no longer necessarily equal to the value of the
elements of constant capital. The standard justification for
equation (1) therefore ceases to exist.
Paul
----
It is a question of probabilities. If the the sample of goods
is large enough and the individual price value dispersion
narrow enough, the basic analysis that assumes that goods
sell at their values will still be a pretty good representation
of reality.