1 km = 1000 m

1 h = 60 minutes = 3600 s

Dx = x₂ - x₁, Dt = t₂ - t₁

v = dx/dt

a = dv/dt = d²x/dt²

v = v_o + at

g = 9.8 m/s²

x-x_o = v_ot + (½)at²

v² = v_o² + 2a(x-x_o)

x-x_o = ½( v_o+ v)t

x-x_o = vt -1/2at²

,

a = v²/r

T=(2pr)/v

a_x = a cos(q)

a_y = a sin(q)

tan(q) = a_y/a_x

f_k = m_kn, f_s £ m_sn

F = mv²/r

K = mv²

DK = W

, A.B = AB cos(q)

, F = -kx

W = -kx²

,

DU = -W

U_g = mgDy, U_s = (1/2)kx²,

U_G = -Gm₁m₂/r

DE = DU + DK

F = -dU/dx

W_app = DU + DK + DE_int

DE_{int =} f_kd = - dissipated energy

W_ext + W_nc = DU + DK