Conjugations: | 1 (A) | 2 (E) | 3 (e>i/u) | 3-io | 4 (I) | sum |
Stems: | ||||||
present: 2nd PP - re/rI | amA- | tenE- | age- | cape- | audI- | es-/su- |
perfect: 3rd PP - I | amAv- | tenu- | Eg- | cEp- | audIv- | fu- |
participle: 4th PP - us | amAt- | tent- | act- | capt- | audIt- | fut- |
Personal endings: | 1S | 2S | 3S | 1P | 2P | 3P |
active | -O/-m | -s | -t | -mus | -tis | -nt |
passive | -r | -ris/-re | -tur | -mur | -minI | -ntur |
perfect active | -I | -istI | -it | -imus | -istis | -Erunt/-Ere |
Indicative, present system:
present | present stem + ending | sum es est etc. |
imperfect | present stem + bA (3 -EbA, 3io/4 -iEbA) + ending | eram erAs etc. |
future 1&2 | present stem + bi + ending;
1S =-bO/-bor; 3P = -bunt |
erO, eris ... erunt |
future 3&4 | 3&4: root + (i) + E + ending; 1S -am/-ar |
Indicative, perfect system active: passive:
perfect: perfect stem + perfect active ending | PPP + sum etc. |
pluperfect: perfect stem + erA + ending | PPP + eram etc. |
future perfect: perfect stem + eri + ending | PPP + erO etc. |
Subjunctive, present system:
present: root + We hear a liar friar + ending | sim sIs sit etc. |
imperfect: 2nd PP (-rE) + ending | essem essEs etc. |
Subjunctive, perfect system active: passive:
perfect: perfect stem + erI + active ending | PPP + sim etc. |
pluperfect: perfect stem + issE + active ending | PPP + essem etc. |
Imperative:
singular | present stem | -A | -E | -e | -e | -I | es |
plural | present stem + te | -Ate | -Ete | -ite | -ite | -Ite | este |
passive/deponent:
singular | -Are | -Ere | -ere | -ere | -Ire | |
plural | -AminI | -EminI | -iminI | -iminI | -IminI |
Infinitives:
present active: 2nd PP | -Are | -Ere | -ere | -ere | -Ire | esse |
present passive | -ArI | -ErI | -I | -I | -IrI |
perfect active | perfect stem + -isse |
perfect passive | PPP + esse |
future active | FAP + esse |
future passive | supine acc. + IrI |
Participles:
PAP (present) | present stem + nt + 3rd decl. i-stem endings (nom.-ns) | -sEns, -sentis |
PPP (perfect) | 4th PP with 1st/2nd decl. endings | |
FAP (future) | participle stem + Ur + 1st/2nd decl. endings | futUrus |
FPP (gerundive) | present stem + nd + 1st/2nd decl. endings (3io/4 = -iend-) |
Gerund:
present stem + nd ( 3io/4 = -iend-) + case endings: -I (gen), -O (dat), -um (acc), -O (abl) |
4th principal part (PPP) with ending
-um (acc) or -U (abl)
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