From: Gerald_A_Levy@MSN.COM
Date: Sat Apr 09 2005 - 18:43:10 EDT
> Ricardo is not concerned here about technological differences. Hi Phil, Here's the quote you cited previously: > The exchangeable value of *ALL* commodities, whether they be manufactured, > or the produce of the mines, or the produce of land, is ***ALWAYS*** > regulated, not by the less quantity of labour that will suffice for > their production under circumstances highly favorable, and exclusively > enjoyed by those who have peculiar facilities of production; but by the > greater quantity of labour necessarily bestowed on their production by > those who have no such facilities; by those who continue to produce them > under the most unfavorable circumstances; meaning-by the most > unfavorable circumstances, the most unfavorable under which the > quantity of produce required, renders it necessary to carry on the > production. (emphasis added, JL) As you can see -- especially since I have highlighted it! -- Ricardo made a claim here about what ***ALWAYS*** regulates the exchange-value of ***ALL*** commodities. Even though he didn't explicitly refer to technological differences among capitals in the above quotation, when he makes a claim about what "always" regulates exchange value for "all" commodities that necessarily *must* include cases where there are technological differences among capitalists producing the same commodities. In solidarity, Jerry
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