Searches of Garbage Under the Fourth Amendment

States that do not follow the Federal rule

• Hawaii : State v. Tanaka, 67 Haw. 658, 701 P.2d. 1274 (1985).

2. Backyard / Curtilage

• California
  • People v. Krivda, 5 Cal.3d. 357, 486 P.2d. 1262, 92 Cal. Rptr. 62 (1971).
  • People v. Greenwood, 182 Cal.App.3d. 729, 227 Cal. Rptr. 539 (1986).

   

• Hawaii : State v. Kahoohalahala, 67 Haw. 658, 701 P.2d. 1274 (1985).

   

• New Jersey : State v. Hempele, 120 N.J. 182, 576 A.2d. 793 (1990).

   

• Washington : State v. Boland, 115 Wash.2d. 571, 800 P.2d. 1112 (1990) "private affairs were unreasonably intruded upon by officers under State Constitution when they removed garbage from his trash can and transported it to the police station in order to make it available to narcotics agents.

   

• California : People v. Edwards, 71 Cal.2d. 1096, 80 Cal. Rptr. 633, 458 P.2d. 713 (1969)

   

• Maryland : Everhart v. State, 274 Md. 549, 337 A.2d. 100 (1975), seems to apply California law, but does not give a definitive holding.

• California : People v. Rooney, 175 Cal.App.3d. 634, 221 Cal. Rptr. 49 (1985)

   

• Mass. : Commonwealth v. Krisco, Co., 421 Mass. 37, 653 N.E.2d. 579 (1995), a business exception.