In reply to OPE-L 4217. Rakesh: "[In] the first two paragraphs of Capital 3, p. 309 ... I read Marx here as saying that the value transferred from the means of production is determined by their actual labor value, not the value of the money which was needed to purchase them." I don't see this at all. The commodity's value is k + s and its price of production is k + p, where k is the cost-price. He says that the price of production will differ from the value, not only because p differs from s, but also because k diverges from the value of its (material) elements. The reason it diverges is that means of production and subsistence are bought at prices differing from values. This divergence is already contained in the cost price. So if the value of a means of production is V and its price is P, the divergence is (P - V) and the value transferred is V + divergence = V + (P - V) = P. Andrew Kliman
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